The House of Balliol was a Scottish royal family in the 13th and 14th centuries. Two members of the house were kings of Scotland:

• John Balliol who ruled from 1292 to 1296, and claimed the throne as great-great-great-grandson of David I of Scotland of the House of Dunkeld.
• Edward Balliol, eldest son of John, who ruled from 1332 to about 1338 in contest with David II of Scotland of the House of Bruce.

Both Balliols had English support for their claims; both were deposed. Edward died without issue, but the Balliol descent continued through his sister to the lords of Coucy and ultimately the Bourbon kings of France and Spain.